Which term is used to refer to the upper (superior) portion of the spine?

The term used to refer to the upper (superior) portion of the spine is "cervical." The cervical spine consists of the seven vertebrae (C1 to C7) located at the top of the spinal column. It supports the head, protects the spinal cord, and allows for a wide range of head and neck movements. The cervical vertebrae are characterized by their smaller size and unique features, such as the presence of transverse foramen, which allow for the passage of blood vessels to the brain.

In contrast, other sections of the spine refer to different regions. The thoracic spine is located below the cervical spine and consists of twelve vertebrae (T1 to T12) that articulate with the ribs. The lumbar region, found beneath the thoracic spine, includes five vertebrae (L1 to L5) and is responsible for supporting the lower back and bearing much of the body's weight. Finally, the sacral region comprises five fused vertebrae that form the sacrum, situated at the base of the spine and connecting it to the pelvis. Each of these sections has distinct anatomical and functional characteristics, clearly differentiating them from the cervical spine.